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ARMS TRADE RESOURCE CENTER

CURRENT UPDATES: July 17, 2003

In this update:
I. W. in Africa
II. Bush Foreign Policy Foes Speak Out
III. New Resources on the Arms Trade



I. W. in Africa
By Dena Montague

In Abuja, Nigeria, George W. Bush delivered a grand finale speech to top off his trip to Africa with specific recognition of Chevron Texaco's Chairman, David O'Reilly. According to Bush, "Dave O'Reilly understands the definition of corporate responsibility, and I appreciate the leadership of Dave and Chevron…their job is to show compassion."

In March, scores of civilians died in the oil producing Niger Delta region of Nigeria on land where Chevron Texaco extracts millions of barrels of oil, where unemployment is rampant, health care is scarce, as well as running water and electricity. These are conditions most Nigerian live under, but in areas where the oil wealth of Nigeria is produced the citizens also live with rivers of oil, gas flares, and a land pockmarked with the lethal residue of careless oil production.

Unrest in the Delta forced Chevron Texaco to shut down production, effectively disrupting global oil supplies. Chevron Texaco has a history of brutal behavior in the region. Human Rights Watch has documented evidence of Chevron arming the notorious Nigerian police - commonly known as the 'Kill and Go". Bush's praise for O'Reilly's leadership indicates the Bush Administration's approval of American style "corporate responsibility" in Africa. Therefore, no one should be surprised as this style of "responsibility" spreads throughout Africa.

Bush's prescription for alleviating poverty in Africa is based upon "promoting free trade markets" and "encouraging greater trade". Africa Growth Opportunity Act (AGOA) policies, which essentially maintain Africa's status as a primary source of raw materials, combined with the appointment of former Eli Lilly executive Randall Tobias to coordinate U.S. policy on AIDS, extended military influence in Africa, the introduction of genetically engineered food as aid, and the scramble for oil and natural resources as the 21st century version of the scramble for Africa, indicate the future of Africa according to the Bush Administration.

According to Bush, his policies will "help millions of Africans find more opportunity and a chance for a better life." But free trade policy continues to worry many African economists considering American farm subsidies and the AGOA promoted introduction of U.S. style industrial agriculture that runs counter to African style communal farming.

Increasingly, productive farmland is traded by governments for mining contracts that permanently damage the land once used as the center of community production, jeopardizing the health of the community and creating conditions which lead to severe violent conflict, helped by the influx of small arms and light weapons. Whereas agriculture sustains the community, jobs in raw material extraction is often limited to trained experts, many of whom are foreign, thus leaving the bulk of the community without employment.

Even though there is strong evidence showing that countries primarily engaged in the production of oil and mineral resources spend a higher percentage of budget revenues on military and less on education and are more likely to become repressive; U.S. prescription for African poverty remains linked to oil exploration and production in Africa. Oil policy is even influencing a new plan for rapprochement with longtime U.S. foe, Libya. According to the influential African Oil Policy Initiative Group, which includes oil executives and pentagon officials, oil production particularly in West Africa linked with military buildup within oil producing regions defines the future of U.S. policy. But in Nigeria, deadly riots due to a 50% increase in gas prices represents the violent reality of the oil producing states in Africa.

Beyond oil, diamonds, coltan, and cobalt, as well as many other resources found throughout Africa, are essential to satisfying material consumption in the U.S. and providing raw ingredients for U.S. weapons and aerospace industry. U.S. bases and military training are a means to protect these strategic resources. U.S. policies that ensure unhindered extraction of oil and strategic minerals are obstacles to creative African solutions initiated from the ground up.

Many African grassroots activists seek viable, environmentally conscious alternatives to U.S. policy that do not exclude the majority of Africa's citizenry from earning revenue from the extraordinary wealth of African land. The voices of these activists were dominant at the Sustainable Development Conference in Pretoria, South Africa last year. Bush's trip to Africa was a blatant attempt to undermine their work and establish a new era of corporate and military dominance in Africa.



II. Bush foreign policy foes speak out
United Press International, July 14, 2003
By William M. Reilly

President George W. Bush until last week seemed to be riding high on his foreign policy, at least domestically. He had, after all, led the nation in winning two wars, in Afghanistan and Iraq.

But with the flap over his now controversial State of the Union speech and the nearly daily reports of American soldiers becoming casualties in Iraq, support for his foreign policy may be flagging.

In the speech, Bush claimed that Iraq attempted to get uranium from Africa for its nuclear weapons program. Observers across the world believe that the U.S. administration used this claim as part of its justification for the assault on Iraq. Some foreign policy critics, with an eye to next year's presidential elections, believe that Iraq has the potential to hurt Bush's re-election campaign.

With no clear Democratic contender yet singled out of the pack of hopefuls in the nascent election campaign, some opponents see opposition to Bush's foreign policy as the rallying point to deny him a second term.

"The public is going to have to start the parade and a candidate is going to have to hurry up and get in front of it," said William Hartung, a senior research fellow at the World Policy Institute, referring to Democratic contenders.

"People are asking me what to do?" Hartung told United Press International in an interview at the United Nations where he was attending a UNICEF forum last week.

"I tell them, 'Anything.'"

Hartung, a member of the WPI's Foreign Policy in Focus, a self-described "think tank without walls," is also director of the Arms Trade Resource Center,

"Should I be sending out emails every morning?" Hartung asked, answering his own query with an emphatic, "Yes, at the grass roots level. That's where it counts. There's no sense in crying to my friends in New York and California."

However, he later admitted the two coasts were the places he would seek financial backing, especially in New York City.

As an example of garnering support, he said that grassroots reach-out was what he counseled a friend, teaching law courses at a small Midwest college, who wanted to do something about U.S. foreign policy.

"We've created a spectator sport of politics. Not in the stars, but of ourselves," said Hartung, bemoaning the lack of activism against Bush's foreign policy. "Bush should be concerned with home front defense rather than taking down governments with tenuous ties to al-Qaida.

"The people who stand up to him are the people who have their own power base, like the French," he said. "They have the courage of their conviction," a clear reference to President Jacques Chirac's threat to veto a "second resolution" that would have authorized military action against Iraq.

Hartung, writing in "Power Trip: U.S. Unilateralism and Global Strategy after Sept. 11," edited by John Feffer and published by Seven Stories Press, said, "Contrary to his own campaign pledge to be more 'humble' in pursuit of U.S. global interests, George W. Bush has adopted an aggressive unilateralist foreign policy that reflects unbridled imperial attitudes not seen since the peak period of direct U.S. interventionism in Latin America in the early decades of the 20th century.

"But this time around, the overriding U.S. policy objective is to establish dominance on a global rather than a regional scale, and it is being pursued in a nuclear-armed world in which uncheck escalation or military miscalculation could lead to unprecedented destruction," he said in the book, sponsored by Foreign Policy in Focus.

Hartung described himself as a "Progressive democrat."

However, at a seminar in the New School University held last month in connection with the launch of Feffer's book, Katrina vanden Heuvel, editor of The Nation, who endorsed Hartung's remarks, said she has trouble with labels.

Vanden Heuvel said she has heard several times recently that, "What used to be called liberal is now called radical. What used to be called radical is now called insane. What used to be called reactionary is now called moderate. What used to be called insane is now called solid neo-conservative thinking," a reference to Vice President Dick Cheney, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld and his deputy Paul Wolfowitz, the so-called "neo-cons."

At that same session, Hartung issued his rallying cry against Bush foreign policy.

After his own introduction, Hartung, who also questioned labels, said, "Republican, Democrat, socialist or communist. I really don't care. All I know is that this current crowd in Washington is really outside the main stream of what America is supposed to stand for and I'm not going to stand for it and I don't think New York is going to stand for it.

"When they come to our city and try to use us as a photo opportunity, I don't think any of us is going to stand for it," he said, referring to next year's national Republican convention to be held in New York. However, he saw it as a possible source of funding to unseat Bush because of his foreign policy.

With a twinkle in his eye as he speculated, Hartung mused, "I'll bet a lot of Democratic landlords donated to the fund to get the Republican convention here. We could hit them up for a tithe. So, 10 percent of a $500,000 contribution is a nice piece of change."

Hartung said he participated in two anti-Iraq war protests recently, the Feb. 15 anti-war demonstration in New York and the subsequent march down Broadway by hundreds of thousands of people in connection with similar marches in a dozen or so capitals around the world.

"Two anti-war demonstrations even before a war began," he said. "That has to say something about how people oppose his foreign policy."

In a chapter of the book Feffer wrote with Miriam Pemberton, a research fellow at IPS and Peace and Security editor of FPIF, they said, "The United States has been suffering gradual hearing loss for some time.

"The louder the world raises its objections, the more deafly the United States soldiers on," they said. "The historical moment created by the Sept. 11 (2001) attacks could have accomplished a minor medical miracle by restoring to the United States the ability to hear.

"In fact, the American government and the American people gratefully listened to the expressions of sympathy that came pouring from around the world and were surprised to hear from some unexpected quarters such as Libya's (leader) Muammar Qaddafi and Cuba's (President) Fidel Castro," Feffer and Pemberton said. "But the restoration of hearing was only partial. Our leaders still could not hear why so much of the world is unhappy with U.S. foreign policy."

Hartung and his like-minded fellows hope recent events will be a hearing aid to their cause.



III. New Resources on the Arms Trade:

1. Small Arms Survey - The 2003 edition of the Small Arms Survey presents the most complete assessment of the spread of small arms around the world and their effect on society. Stressing the link between small arms and global development, it includes special chapters examining the role of small arms in Africa (Congo), the Arab world (Yemen) and the former-Soviet Union (Georgia). The Small Arms Survey is now recognised as the principle international source of impartial and reliable information on all aspects of small arms. Its blend of information and analysis makes it an indispensable resource for policy-makers, officials and non-governmental organisations.

2. IANSA Report: Implementing the Programme of Action 2003 - A new IANSA report published on Monday July 6th finds that two years after a UN agreement on stopping gun proliferation, few governments have made much progress. The report comes as member states meet in New York to review progress towards implementing the UN Programme of Action to combat illicit trafficking in small arms. The report is reproduced here in full in both full colour and black and white versions. The files are all in pdf format and all open in new windows. It is a very large document (196 pages) so we have split the document into sections to enable you to download it in sections if you want to. It is also provided in full for those with faster connections. Chapter 3 "Progress Towards Implementation" is 148 pages long. This chapter is therefore also available either as a complete version or in 3 separate sections to make downloading easier.

3. NEW BOOK from FAS and CDI - "Challenging Conventional Wisdom: Debunking the Myths and Exposing the Risks of Arms Export Reform" - The book is an in-depth study of many of the arguments put forward by the defense industry and their allies to justify "liberalizing" U.S. arms export controls. "Challenging Conventional Wisdom," is edited by Tamar Gabelnick, former director of the Arms Sales Monitoring Project at the Federation of American Scientists, and Rachel Stohl, senior analyst at the Center for Defense Information. The book describes special governmental support for the weapons industry; probes the justifications for major changes to the export system; examines the potential risks associated with these changes; and provides suggestions to strengthen the export control system.

4. UN Human Development Report 2003 - Millennium Development Goals: A compact among nations to end human poverty. The range of human development in the world is vast and uneven, with astounding progress in some areas amidst stagnation and dismal decline in others. Balance and stability in the world will require the commitment of all nations, rich and poor, and a global development compact to extend the wealth of possibilities to all people.

5. Go to www.google.com and type "weapons of mass destruction" in the search box. Then click the "I'm Feeling Lucky" tab. Read the error message carefully. Cool, huh?

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